Our New Web Site
We congratulate the Board of APS NSW Ltd for taking the action they have to bring our Society’s communications systems into the modern era. For those able to access the World Wide Web, Facebook and other on-line systems we have top class facilities by which to promote our Australian Native Plants, those nearly 30,000 wondrous plants that freshen the air we breathe and beautify the land in which we live.
Have you visited our new APS web site at http://austplants.com.au and seen the beautiful Home Page and then proceeded to check out some of the articles highlighted there?
Have you read and seen other great articles that make you feel that gardening is for you – just read the papers by Warren Sheather, Jeff Howes, Ralph Cartwright and others? I suspect many would have been available previously but now they are more readily accessible.
Have you thought to look at the Resources Section with quick navigation to get you to the plants, or the fauna, or, by clicking on the image, the literature in which you have a special interest?
Have you registered and logged into the APS web site “Members only” section yet to read Group newsletters and other matters particularly relevant to Members? The stories are so relevant! Do it soon because you may suddenly want access and have to wait a little for the accreditation process. And note that you use a password of your own rather than your membership number.
And I understand there is more to come!
Besides this web site there are the Facebook pages. You can see more great images there and have your say. The APS NSW Ltd Facebook pages are at https://www.facebook.com/APSNSW
You may access our web site directly at http://austplants.com.au/Parramatta-And-Hills
A Word of Explanation
I should explain why I have used items published by other APS Group newsletters to the extent I have.
Firstly, I believe the items I have taken are worthy of wider circulation than in just one Group.
Secondly, living in an Aged Care Facility with no garden of my own I can no longer experiment by growing plants myself and indeed to do so I would need someone to hold me up or manage with just one hand. Preparing a plot is difficult if the second hand must keep you upright. Or try tipping a new cutting that has recently rooted from its tube while retaining its potting mix in place.
Thirdly, I have time to read these other Groupnewsletters which I appreciate and for which I thank their Editors. I trust they can continue their great work.
Calendar
October
Wed 11 Propagation at Bidjiwong Community Nursery at 10am
November
Sat 4 Deadline for Calgaroo news / articles|
Wed 8 Propagation at Bidjiwong Community Nursery at 10am
Sat 18 APS NSW Quarterly Meeting hosted by APS Northern Suburbs at Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden in Caley’s Pavilion
Sat 25 Our meeting at Gumnut Hall, Gumnut Place, Cherrybrook at 2pm. The speaker will be Dr Peter Wilson whose subject will be Gondwanic Plants, plants of the prehistoric continent of Gondwana from which Australia split.
APS NSW Quarterly Meeting
The next APS NSW Quarterly Meeting will be hosted at Ku-ring-gai Wildflower Garden by APS North Shore Group on Saturday, 18th November from 10am to 3pm.
The guest speaker will be Bronwen Roy. Bronwen is a PhD student at Western Sydney University studying the impact of pathogens on honeybees and native bees. Bronwen was the winner of the University’s 2016 Three Minute Thesis competition. She will be speaking about Australian native bees.
Our November gathering is perfect for this talk as the date is during Australian Pollinator Week which is from 12 – 19 November 2017. More information on Australian Pollinator Week will be available closer to the date at www.beesbusiness.com.au
Brazil to reinstate protection for Amazon forest reserve
Brazil will reinstate a mining ban in a vast area of the Amazon rainforest, the government has announced, in an about-face that is a victory for environmentalists who feared deforestation.
The Mines and Energy Ministry said in a statement that President Michel Temer’s administration had decided to revoke an August decree abolishing the National Reserve of Copper and Associates (Renca).
Reuters Newsagency reports Renca is an area of roughly 46,100 square kilometres or slightly larger than Denmark.
The decision will be published in the Official Gazette, officials said.
Kennedia coccinia
Scanning through photographs recorded some years ago I saw this one of Kennedia coccinia – quite a striking image..
Kennedia coccinea (coral vine) is a species in the family Fabaceae, endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. threes.
It is a low growing trailing shrub or climber (it can reach about 3m) which has twining rust-coloured branchlets with rounded leaflets that are about 1.5 cm long and occur in Orange red or scarlet pea flowers are produced in clusters between August and November in its native range.
The species is naturally adapted to sandy or lighter soils and prefers some shade. Another source states that it will manage in full sun. It is resistant to drought and has some frost tolerance. Plants can be propagated by scarified seed or cuttings of semi-mature growth.
Three subspecies are recognised, these being K. coccinea subsp. coccinea; K. coccinea subsp. calcaria and K. coccinea subsp. esotera. Little information about the differences between subspecies was found and you may find difficulty in finding seed, cuttings or plant.
APS NSW Get-Together Coffs Harbour 2nd & 3rd September
Pip Gibian
The APS Coffs Harbour Group ran a very successful APS Annual Get-together. The theme was Rainforest Riches Revealed. Saturday morning was taken up with interesting and informative talks. Lawrie Smith, a landscape architect and long-standing APS member, discussed the conservation of rainforest species in botanic gardens up and down the NSW coast. Craig Stehn described the scientific study of the regeneration of a former grazing property adjacent to the Dorrigo National Park. This was fascinating as it compared the efficacy of various methods of regeneration. The old concept of closely planting wattles to shield the regenerating vegetation proved not to work nearly as well as other methods. Young privets and camphor laurels did better than wattles, as rainforest seeds remaining in the soil germinated. but would have be removed later. Using pioneer rainforest species to shield the slower growing species did quite well. This was despite initial loses amongst the pioneers from frost and hot sun exposure.
After morning tea Dan Clark, the APS NSW conservation officer, outlined what needed to be done to preserve the small and dwindling areas of natural rainforest in NSW. Then there were talks by 2 authors, both attempting to assist with the great difficulties of identifying rainforest plants when roaming in the wild. Gwen Harden introduced her excellent computer-based interactive key which uses a huge range of vegetative features, rather than just flower features. Flowers are rarely available in the rainforest. There is a new AP for smart phones and tablets available now, so you can take the key with you on your walk. Peter Poropat has published two books describing the trunk and bark characteristics of many common rainforest trees. The tree trunks are easy to access.
After lunch we set off to the North Coast Regional Botanic Gardens. Two people who influenced these gardens greatly were the late John Wrigley and Dr. Alex Floyd. John was a founding member of APS, or SGAP as it was then, and a previous curator of the National Botanic Gardens in Canberra. Many know the name from his excellent book Australian Native Plants, so helpful to native plant gardeners. Dr Alex Floyd was employed by the Forestry Commission and studied rainforest trees all over NSW. He initially wrote a series of small books, beautifully illustrated with accurate line drawings. Later these were compiled into a book and a revision was published a few years ago. Although aged around 90, he remains a volunteer in the gardens’ herbarium and lead a group in a walk around the rainforest section of the gardens. The “Friends of the Gardens” are heavily involved in the maintenance, running and funding of these botanic gardens. There was a very enjoyable dinner in the evening.
Sunday morning was taken up with visits to two gardens and a rainforest regeneration area. Lyn McCabe and her husband acquired a cattle property in Coramba not far from Coffs Harbour. They have established an interesting garden with the help of son Rowan. He now has a rainforest nursery and is involved in regeneration. They closely planted hundreds of rainforest plants in a strip along the Coramba Creek, which are now 4-5 metres high. We inspected the regeneration in Coramba Nature Reserve, which is a small remnant of lowland subtropical rainforest, of which very little still exists. The biggest weed problems are from camphor laurel and wandering dew. After that we drove to the property of Gwyn and Geoff Clarke, a dry country garden out in the bush. Members might remember their articles in Native Plants for NSW in 2015, when they survived a bushfire. Some of their garden did not survive but is planted and growing again despite the prolonged dry weather. Choice of plants to suite your conditions is just so important.
For those who had the time, there were many other beautiful places to visit around Coffs Harbour. I commend these APS events to members. They are very worthwhile attending. Not only are they informative, and there is lots to learn, but the camaraderie amongst APS members is warm and very enjoyable.
ANPSA Hobart 2018
The ANPSA biannual meeting will be held in Hobart 15-19 January 2018. The theme will be Grass Roots to Mountain Tops. Various pre- and post-tours have been arranged. Standard registration closes on 15 November 2017.
Any member considering attending but not having registeration details please contact Gordon Brooks at gordon26@iinet.net.au without delay. Registration closes as above.
ANPSA Study Groups
It is fascinating to read the discussion that members of Study Groups have on-line and to read their newsletters . Why not join one or more and learn from the experts and offer a contribution yourself based on your experience with your plants. There are about nineteen Groups from which to choose. You pay an annual membership fee in most cases that is small particularly if you receive newsletters on-line. The Groups are listed in Native Plants.
Our Last Meeting
Daniel McDonald
Greg Bourke, the Manager/Curator of Mount Tomah Botanic Gardens, gave an excellent talk on Carnivorous Plants on Saturday afternoon, 23 September 2017. Greg has a special interest in carnivorous plants since he received his first book on the subject at age four. This interest developed further while bushwalking in the Blue Mountains and getting to see carnivorous plants in the wild. He has retained his interest in carnivorous plants and has co-written along with Richard Nunn the book Australian Carnivorous Plants.
Introduction
Carnivory appears to have evolved in at least six different lineages and it is found in 11 different plant families, in 18 different genera and approximately 800 species worldwide. South-western Australia is the epicentre for evolution of carnivorous plants with approximately 250 species from five families and six different genera.
What is the definition of a carnivorous plant? There is no absolute consensus, but generally a carnivorous plant is a plant that attracts, captures and digests animals, typically insects. Sometimes other insects may pre-digest the captured insects prior to the carnivorous plant digesting them. In South East Asia, a similar situation occurs where some animals will partially eat the prey of a carnivorous plant. The carnivorous plant will then digest the partially eaten remains.
Families and genera of Australian Carnivorous Plants
Aldrovanda vesiculosa The waterwheel plant – Family Droseraceae
This species is only known from three locations in NSW. It is an aquatic plant that traps and digests aquatic insects. It accomplishes the trapping of insects through sensitive folded leaves. Once an insect triggers a sensitive hair on the leaf the folds shut. There are interlocking spines on the on the edge of the leaf to trap the victim and stop it escaping.
Utricularia spp. Bladderworts / Bladder traps – Family Lentibulariaceae
Some species are also known Fairy Aprons after the shape of their flower. There are approximately 50 to 100 species of Utricularia in Australia. They live in wetland habitats and their traps are under water. These species have an enormous appetite for insects. The CSIRO undertook a study in Queensland and found that a single plant had approximately 40,000 traps that had captured an insect. Utricularia species are generally confined to very clean water so are probably less common than they were previously.
Nepenthes spp. Climbing Pitcher Plant – Nepenthaceae
Pitcher plants have a modified lid that looks something like a small bucket with an open lid over the bucket. The similarity of their modified leaf to a bucket provided inspiration for their common name of “pitcher”.
Greg has been studying a species of Nepenthes from Cape York peninsula in Queensland. The traps “pitchers” of this species are developed from modified petioles (the leaf stalk) and each pitcher can hold up to one litre of water. Currently it is unknown why the pitchers of this species are so large. These species are known from tropical waters with crocodiles.
There is some argument about the species endemic to Australia but one authority limits them to only two, namely N. rowaniae at the northern tip of Cape York and N. tenax There are others in SE Asia and India.
Cephalotus follicularis Albany Pitcher Plant – Cephalotaceae
The Albany Pitcher Plant appears superficially similar to the Climbing Pitcher Plants but they are not closely related. This species is from Western Australia and has small traps about 75 mm in size.
Drosera sp. Sundews – Family Droseraceae and Byblis Rainbow Plants – Family Byblidaceae
These two different genera appear similar but are unrelated. A situation somewhat similar to the two different Pitcher Plant genera. There are approximately 120 Drosera species in Australia and they are found in all states of Australia and species of Drosera are probably the most commonly seen carnivorous plants in the Sydney region. There are seven species known from the Sydney Region: Drosera binata, Drosera pygmaea, Drosera glandulifera, Drosera burmannii, Drosera spatulata, Drosera peltata and Drosera auriculata.
The Pygmy Drosera Drosera pygmaea is common on both the Sydney coast and in the Blue Mountains. Drosera binata is a distinctive species with large leaves divided into two blades. It occurs on wet banks in the Blue Mountains. Drosera peltata is common on walking tracks and in disturbed areas.
Skinks co-inhabiting the same area of some Drosera species from Bellenden Kerr and often forage (steal) the trapped insects.
There are approximately 13 species of Rainbow plants Byblis spp. and they are all native to Australia. Some Byblis species such as Byblis aquatic are known from crocodile infested waters in Northern Australia.
Habitats of Carnivorous Plants
Carnivorous plants can be found in diverse habitats such as the coast, semi-alpine swamps, tropical swamps and dry savannahs. In dry savannahs, it appears carnivorous plants require seasonal burns to survive and compete with the other species. Gamba Grass Andropogon gayanus is an exotic invasive plant which occurs in the same habitat as some northern Drosera species. Gamba Grass threatens populations of Drosera through the seasonal hot burns of the Gamba Grass.
In contrast to the general abundance of species in tropical rainforests, carnivorous plants are not common in this environment.
In Australia, carnivorous plants have been recorded from desert conditions in Coober Pedy and along the edge of salt pans in Western Australia.
Carnivorous plants generally seem to be confined to low nutrient habitats, particularly habitats with low levels of nitrogen and phosphorous. The prey digested by carnivorous plants provides supplementary amounts of these two nutrients.
Pollination of carnivorous plants
Strategies to prevent pollinators of carnivorous plants becoming prey
Often the flowers are high on the plant while the traps are closer to the ground but the strategy is not perfect. On occasions pollinators become prey.
Nepenthes have flowers that appear unattractive but are probably pollinated by flies and moths.
Utricularia menziesii is a bird pollinated species with flowers that appear similar to Grevillea.
More information about carnivorous plants can be found at Mount Tomah Botanic Gardens during the 1st and 2nd weeks of December during the festival “Plants with Bite”.
(The origins of these photos is unknown)
Climbing Pitcher Plant
Do you have a favourite native plant?
Why is it your favourite? Is it easy to maintain? Or do you have several that are equally great? Please let us know as someone else may be wondering what to plant. Your favourite(s) may just be the answer! Let us help one another! . Email Gordon Brooks.
Look Back — Look Forward
Looking at a past issue of the APS Central Coast newsletter I saw the image of the Epacris longifolia to the right. I had been impressed when it first appeared in my email inbox and this time I had to copy it and insert it here. It is a beautiful species and worth a place in every garden. I have found this a reliable plant in the garden.
Image: Dot of APS Central Coast Group
To look forward to a flowering plant next year (summer through to autumn), get it in soon.
This species is typically found in moist gullies on the Central Coast and north to the NSW/Queensland border. It is usually a straggly shrub with arching branches up to almost 1m in height. Leaves are small and triangular. As demonstrated in the image the flowers which are up to 4cm long are numerous along the branches. The flowers are usually red with white tips although an all- white form is said to exist. Flowers appear for most of the year but peak in late summer into autumn.
The plant needs good drainage in part shade but should not be allowed to dry out. It may be pruned which will lead to a denser shrub but this eliminates the beautiful arching branches so this is generally not practised.
Epacris longifolia is usually propagated by cuttings of firm current season’s growth. Because like most Epacris species it has a very fine root system it is wise to strike individual cuttings in their own small pots or tubes so that roots are not damaged when separating plants at potting on time.
Ed. I have found Brian Walters comments in the ANPSA web site helpful in writing this. I certainly thank Dot for the image.
Central Coast Group in August – Plants for Shade
One item on their specimen table was a favourite of mine, namely Chorizema cordatum, from WA that I grew for many years in both Baulkham Hills and Castle Hill. It is a scrambling, spreading shrub that can reach nearly a 1m high x 1.5m wide. It bears sprays of red/purple or sometimes yellow flowers in spring. It prefers a well- drained shady spot in the garden although it is known to manage on clay. It strikes readily from cuttings. Light tip pruning is helpful. Its weak branches and scrambling habit allow the plant to be trained or trailed over rocks or other features.
Another on their Specimen Table was Hovea acutifolia (right) which grows to about 1.5m and bears violet coloured pea flowers in profusion in winter and spring. The distribution area is NSW and Q’ld and it can be propagated from treated seed. In the garden it must have good drainage and has a preference for a shady spot in a well mulched garden bed.
Ed. Elsie Bartlett is editor of APS Central Coast newsletter and Graeme Ingall presented this part of the program.
Our Library Disposal
Our Librarian, Sue Gibbons, has prepared another list of books that we believe we cannot continue to hold, These complete the category Locality, Ecology, Bushland and Wildflowers.
Any member desiring to bid for one or more books should contact Sue on 9634 1823. Alternatively speak to Sue at our next meeting.
We now have to consider our Reference Books. It contains many fine books including encyclopedias and out-of- print books. If we must dispose of these we must find good “homes” for them. Admittedly some are a few years old now. Should any members have a suggestion please contact Sue or another Committee member. Access to so much current information on-line makes any decision difficult. But, not everyone is on-line!
| Title | Author(s) | Date |
| The Little Desert | Thiele, Colin; J Burt | 1975 |
| Local Plants for Your Garden | Michaelis, Angie | |
| Mountain Slopes and Plains | Department of the Capital Territory | 1975 |
| The Flora and Fauna of the ACT | Department of the Capital Territory | 1975 |
| Native Plants for North Queensland | Yarunga Native Nursery, North Queensland – Catalogue 4th Ed. | 1989 |
| Native Plants of the Upper Blue Mountains | Baker, M; R Corringham; J Dark | 1984 |
| Native Trees and Shrubs of South Eastern Australia (covering areas of NSW, Vic and SA) | Costermans, L | 1984 |
| North Australian Plants, Part 1 – Top End Wildflowers | Harmer, J | |
| The Ottways | Prescott, T | 1976 |
| Plant Life of the West Darling | Morris, A | 1975 |
| Plants of NSW – A Census of the Cycads, Conifers and Angiosperms | Jacobs, SWL; J Pickard | 1981 |
| Plants of Western NSW | Cunningham, GM; WE Mulham; PL Milthorpe, JH Leigh | 1981 |
| Rare Bushland Plants of Western Sydney | Benson, D; Lyn McDougall | |
| Snowy Mountains Walks | Geehi Bushwalking Club | 1991 |
| Sydney Sandstone Flora – A Beginner’s Guide to Native Plants | Edmonds, T; J Webb | 1986 |
| Sydney Wildflower Bushwalks | Mundy, T | 1990 |
| Trees of Victoria – An Illustrated Guide | Costermans, L | 1981 |
| Through the Northern Flinders | Burt, J | 1975 |
| The Use of Locally Native Trees and Shrubs in the Southern Riverina | Driver, M; Porteners, M | 1994 |
| Wildflowers of Australia | Morecomb, M & I | 1974 |
| Wildflower Journeys with Paintings, Drawings and Diaries | Dutton, N | 1985 |
| Wildflowers of the Outback | Clyne, Densey | 1973 |
| Wildflowers of Tropical Australia – A Wilderness in Bloom | Hinton, B & B | 1982 |
| Wildflowers of Western Australia | Morecomb, M & I | 1970 |
| Wildflowers of the Western State | Rolsh Productions, Albany, WA |
We haven’t heard of new books on aspects of Native Plants coming on to the market recently but I wonder if a member knows. Please let us know. Somebody else may appreciate learning of this. I find that the late John Wrigley and Murray Fagg, Australian Native Plants, 6th Edition, 2013 and Les Robinson’s Field Guide to the Native Plants of Sydney, 3rd Edition, 2003 seem to be the last.
We Finally Know what the Single Ancestor of All Modern Flowers Looked Like
*ABC Presenter Nick Grimm
Scientists have identified the genetic features common to modern flowers to determine what the first flower looked like…
Read more here:
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-02/what-did-the-first-flower-ever-look-like/8762860
*Nick Grimm was the presenter of the ABC’s program on 4 Aug 2017.
Ed. This item was in Caleyi, newsletter of the APS Northern Beaches Group, the editor of which is Jane March.
Another APS Group Newsletter to Read
I was particularly interested in a report of the August meeting of the APS SE NSW Group. The Group had visited the gardens of Margaret Lynch at Narooma and Jan Raabe at Dalmeny and landscape designer Shane Doherty had spoken on the subject of Landscaping and Garden Design.
Shane showed how it was possible to work successfully within existing site, soil and landscaping restraints and blend exotic and native plants if desired.
Go to the APS NSW web site at http://austplants.com.au then to the District Group Section and the SE NSW Group’s pages. You will need to register to enter Members Only to read the newsletter which entails entering your email address and seeking further advice that you receive via email leading to you entering your chosen ..
Does anyone have any matter to raise?
Any recommendation of a plant others should consider growing? A method to successfully grow a plant that has been difficult in the past? Let us help one another. Send in an email.
Callistemon subulatus
Scanning through my picture gallery I noticed an image of a Callistemon that we grew in Castle Hill for many years, may be 25 years. It was C. subulatus.
This is a small upright shrub reaching less than 2m with red flower spikes to about 6cm long. The leaves are dense. linear, upward pointing to a subulate point, 35 x 3mm.
The natural habitat of this Callistemon is from about the Woronora River in the southern suburbs of Sydney down to Victoria but I found it hardy.
It did receive afternoon shade which it may have appreciated and water ran off as it was along side a sloping driveway in light soil over Hawkesbury sandstone. It was mulched but after rain some mulch was usually washed away. Nevertheless it rarely needed extra water. It tolerated pruning which was essential if the plant was not to be thin and woody.
On the ABC
A Gardening Australia program that you may or may not have seen included a segment on bonsaiing native plants.
I’m not enthusiastic about bonsaiing but, for those who are, visit http://iview.abc.net.au/ and enter “Gardening Australia” in the “Find a Program” box. Choose Series 28, Episode 29. Commence by clicking on “Watch” and then on the “Start” icon and the blue dot.
Another you may care to see (again) is the program featuring the natives’ display at the Towoomba Botanic Garden the week before. For this choose Series 28, Episode 28.
And it its a rainy day and you have time, watch the Program 28, Episode 11 in which Costa learns about natives that are edible.
Hypocalymma angustifolium
Trisha Arbib
This dainty little shrub in the Myrtaceae family was featured in the APS Southern Highlands newsletter. The article was written by its owner, Trisha Arbib, who wrote that “I first saw a photo of it on the Sydney Royal Botanic Gardens’ website and I was attracted to the daintiness of its form and its arching habit. And then I was so excited to see it in their nursery that I had to buy not one but two. It has a beautiful airiness when seen as a whole but also deserves closer inspection.
Image: Trisha Arbib
Flowering in the spring as it is now it is a mass of pink and white flowers. Pink in bud, opening to white. You will see that at every node, and they are close together, are four small flowers and two almost needle like thin green leaves. My shrubs must be about one metre high by one metre wide, and I’ve planted them close together so that they arch into each other. Mine are growing in full sun, but they can grow in the shade, are frost hardy, and don’t seem to need any special attention, although I read that they need excellent drainage. The plant fair at the Sydney Botanic Gardens is on in October. Buy at least one. What an easy way to be happy!”
Ed. It is a plant that I grew at Baulkham Hills and took to Castle Hill when we moved in 1986. It was still growing happily when we moved into aged care in 2014. I endorse Trisha’s comments
Have We Learnt a Lesson?
I confess my greatest concern these days is Climate Change. I find it hard to understand climate sceptics and it seems harder as climate events are ever more dangerous.
According to representatives of some small island nations, devastation from Hurricane Irma in the Caribbean will sharpen the demands of those nations that top fossil-fuel consumers help them cope with damage attributable to climate change.
That will put island nations on a collision course with the United States and other rich countries during United Nations climate talks in Bonn, Germany, in November.
It will take years, may be at least a decade for some of the small Caribbean nations to recover from Hurricane Irma. They don’t have the resources needed for such a gigantic clean-up. Even Florida will need serious help from President Trump and the Washington polititions to recover from the strongest, others say the second strongest, storm ever to hit the USA.
And then Cyclone Maria hit! Puerto Rico was nearly destroyed.
Our neighbours, the small low lying island nations in the Pacific are well aware that with rising sea levels they too could be washed away in a storm like Irma.
Cyclone Debbie left a trail of destruction in North Queensland earlier this year and the Bureau of Meteorology stated that it created arguably Australia’s greatest flood event in the last 50 years. The Australian put that storm in the category of a “one in a 100 year event”. It was classed as a Category 3 Cyclone whereas Irma was a 4 or 5 at times but created havoc in Florida when it fell to a 3 or 2. An Irma in Australia is possible.
These storms will not only endanger men, women and children but trees and shrubs that beautify our planet and protect our environment. The wind, the water and the temperature together under these circumstances will make plant life suffer rather than benefit it.
Parramatta and Hills District Group
Email: apsparrahills@gmail.com
Website: https://austplants.com.au/Parramatta-And-Hills
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/APSPARRAHILLS/